Ileostomy is a surgical procedure in which an opening is created from the ileum, the last part of the small intestine, through the abdominal wall to allow for the diversion of intestinal waste out of the body. This procedure is typically performed when a portion of the colon or rectum needs to be removed or bypassed due to conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease (e.g., Crohn's disease or ulcerative colitis), colorectal cancer, or severe bowel injury. During an ileostomy, the end of the ileum is brought through an incision in the abdominal wall to form a stoma, through which waste is expelled into an external pouch or bag attached to the skin. The primary causes for an ileostomy are diseases or conditions that impair the normal function of the colon or rectum, requiring an alternative route for waste elimination. Complications associated with ileostomy can include stoma-related issues such as infection, irritation, or blockage. Additionally, patients may experience complications related to the skin around the stoma, including dermatitis or ulceration. Long-term concerns can include dehydration, as the ileum absorbs less water than the colon, leading to potential imbalances in electrolytes. Adjustments to diet and fluid intake are often necessary to manage these risks effectively. Despite these challenges, ileostomy can significantly improve quality of life for individuals with severe bowel conditions, and proper management and regular follow-up are crucial for maintaining overall health and well-being.
